Mieke Bouve made her debut in the TV movie De Blijde Dag (1980). In 1983 she played a role (Katie) in the movie Zaman, as well as in the TV series History of my youth (Betke). She also appeared in TV-Touché and the youth series Merlina (1983 - 1988), in which she played the role of Ann De Schrandere or 'Boogschieter'. She was then part of the cast of the TV movies Klinkaart (1984), Flight Distance (1985) and Mister Halfway (1987). In 1988 she played the role of Louisa in Gaston and Leo in Hong Kong and in 1989 she appeared in the TV movie Hunted through the Weekend. In the 1990s she played the role of Inspector Marijke Meersman in Commissaris Roos (1990) and Camilla Thijssen in Wittekerke (1996 - '98). She also appeared in the TV film De Leraarskamer (1991) and she played guest roles in Alfa Papa Tango (1990), Niet voor Publicatie (1994, Monique van Gelderen), Freddytex (1994, inspector) and Heterdaad (1996, Mrs. plate). She was also seen as Linda Verbist-Lievens in Thuis from 1999 to 2001.

From 2002 to 2006 she appeared in the youth series Spring (2002 - 2006), in which she played the role of Marie-France Goegebuur-Van Mechelen. She also guest-starred in F.C. De Kampioenen (2002, chic lady), Witse (2004, Mrs. Cnops) and De Wet according to Milo (2004, Mrs. Schepens). From 2007 to 2009, she played the role of police commissioner Annelies De Vos in the VTM soap series Familie and appeared in the film Man zkt Vrouw (2007, Ingrid) and the short film 13-04 (2007). In 2009 she played guest roles in the series Flikken (pharmacist's wife) and Aspe (Mia Demeyer).

In 2012, she guest-starred in Danni Lowinski (Catherine Depuydt), Vermist (Ingrid De Bock) and Code 37 (Marie-Louise Wijmeersch). In 2013 she appeared in De Komedie Compagnie, Aspe (Thérèse Desmedt), Binnenstebuiten (Christine Van Wijck), Rox (Van Veggel).